Gender differences Free Essays

Males will use the Splashradio in different ways than females and will react differently to how it is used. The Splashradio is designed for both males and females and they can use it in many similar situations, however, males and females may use it to play in very different ways and since the Splashradio has no major rules, it can be used however the players choose. Gender roles still hold their stereotypical values developed throughout time, but they are continuously changing. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender differences or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some barriers are starting to break and girls are beginning to enjoy video games more. The difference between male and female has been culturally constructed and society teaches children what is appropriate and inappropriate based on social norms and stereotypes (Cassell 6, 28). For example, boys are generally more interested in computer games and electronics than girls. This is not due to lack of women’s ability, but their access to technologies and prior negative beliefs about women and electronics (Cassell 11-12). Stereotypes wont stop girls from using the Splashradio, but it may effect how they use it. Stereotypically girls play house and Barbie’s while boys play more aggressive games, like war and wrestling, due to social norms. They can still do this with the Splashradio, but it doesn’t limit them to the stereotypical roles. It will allow them to easily cross the line between designated male only and female only games. Right now it is still too difficult to market towards girls alone, but since the Splashradio can be used in any situation, it should be easily marked for both sexes (Cassell 16). Just because games like Purple Moon and Hawaii High failed don’t mean all will. Girls can still play with romance plots, secrets, Barbie’s and other traditional interests if they wish, but they aren’t limited to them (Cassell 21). Cassell and Jenkins suggested it is best not to design gender specific games, because they will tell users how they are supposed to act and what they should like. The Splashradio leaves these decisions entirely up to the user. Girls may seek â€Å"complexity in terms of character relations, not in terms of action elements† like boys do, but they will be able to create this with the Splashradio. Simplifying games or making things pink, like the tanks in â€Å"Barbie Quake† won’t help girls enjoy using the Splashradio (Cassell 26). The genders are different; they think differently, like different things, and in some cases want to play differently. Girls and boys should be given equal opportunities to explore and play with the same toys and they will have this chance with the Splashradio. Typically boys tend to explore and roam more than girls do (Jenkins 267). Boys are, stereotypically, more outdoor-oriented and girls are more indoor-oriented (Jenkins 268). In the past, boys have grown up more independent, they have gained recognition for risky play, were more competitive, violent, aggressive, and participated in more role-playing activities than girls did (Jenkins 270-274). Girls grew up being more dependent, house ridden, quiet, and conservative. According to Jenkins, girls are more interested in romance novels, secrets, and gossiping. However, in the 21st century girls aren’t as interested in the romance novels and slow â€Å"exploring† games, like Purple Moon (Jenkins 284). Some girls still choose to play stereotypical games, but others are interested in competitive games, just like boys. Gender roles are not as strict as they used to be and girls are discovering many new forms of play that earlier generations thought were only for boys. Girls and boys may use the Splashradio to play games like Star Wars, football, or Marco Polo. However, it can still be used to play with dolls or house, as well, but the device is not gender specific and does not limit the kind of games people play relating to gender. Only social experiences and past stereotypes will control the types of play people participate in while using the Splashradio. One major reason boys and girls will play differently with the Splashradio and other toys is gender segregation. â€Å"Not only do preschool-age children tend to self-segregate by sex, but that segregation leads to the development of different sets of social skills, styles, expectations, and preferences† (Cohen 1). Observational studies have proven that the more children play with same sex peers, the more they follow gender stereotypes created by society. Researchers Carol Lynn Martin and Richard A. Fabes of Arizona State call this phenomenon â€Å"the social dosage effect†, implying how a greater â€Å"dosage† of gender segregated play will increase gender differences (Cohen 2). It is important for children to experience mixed-gender play in order to eliminate falling into gender stereotypes, however, when playgroups include both genders, another problem may arise. Girls aren’t as active in play when boys are around, because boys tend to â€Å"monopolize† toys (Maccoby 514). Powlishta’s research shows when two kids are alone boys get more play time with the toy, in this case a movie viewer. When an adult is present boys are more inhibited and girls acquire at least equal access to the toys (Maccoby 515). This means that in coed situations girls may not play with the Splashradio as much as boys, unless an adult is present. How to cite Gender differences, Papers

Stakeholder is of Wide Significance in Theories of Management

Question: Describe about the Stakeholder is of Wide Significance in Theories of Management? Answer: The term stakeholder is of wide significance in theories of management. The term signifies, individuals, organizations or groups whose interests must be taken care of by the leaders or managers of the organization. R. Edward Freeman in Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach 1984 has defined the term stakeholder as being an individual or group who have the potential to affect or are affected by the accomplishment of the objectives of the organization. Stakeholders may also be referred to be individuals or groups who possess the potential to affect the future of an organization. Sans this power, an individual or group is not a stakeholder. Stakeholders of PharmaCARE Investors: They invest money in the organization because the organization promises them an income in return. Managers: The management may as well derive income from the success of the organization, and thus they put in their efforts. Employees Workers: Employees serve the organization and get paid in lieu of such service. Customers: The organization meets its obligation with the money provided by the customers. Suppliers: They supply goods or raw materials to the organization and derive income. Families of the Employees: The organization takes up a lot of time of the employee's family even if he or she is not working overtime. This time could have been otherwise spent with spouse and children. Community: The organization would not have survived without the community that provides roads, electricity, police protection, etc. Government: The government derives income from the company in the form of taxes. Special Interest Groups: The organization undertakes educational programs concerning health care and scholarships. Thus, these groups are also the stakeholders. 2 PharmaCARE is a company based in New Jersey of the United States of America. The United States is a participant of the United States Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This Declaration primarily supports the idea that all individuals must be treated in a dignified manner and should have certain freedoms. Some of these include; the right to fair remuneration, rest and leisure and a basic standard of living. In PharmaCARE the human rights issues involved in the treatment of the executives and the Colberian workers is primarily that of discrimination. The company is not providing to the Colberian workers the basic rights to fair remuneration, proper living conditions and on the other hand, the executives are being provided with the luxuries of life. Recommendations The company can provide the Colberian workers with fair wages. The company may take steps to improve the working conditions of the workers. The company can provide the workers accommodations with electricity and water facilities. By adopting these steps, PharmaCARE can become an ethical organization. 3 PharmaCARE on the one hand, undertakes changes in packaging processes, does recycling and other initiatives for the protection of the environment. On the other hand, it does not abide the environmental laws and regulations which have been created by the CERCLA and also violates the human rights of the Colberian workers regarding fair remuneration, proper working conditions and adequate standard of living. The initiatives of PharmaCARE regarding the environmental protection primarily requires it to abide by the CERCLA as the release of pollutions from its factories would cause greater injury to the public at large as compared to the good done by the initiatives which the company is taking in this regard. Moreover, it must also make sure that the Colberian workers human rights are not violated by its company policies. The basic purpose of the CERCLA is to cleanse the environment of the hazardous releases into the environment that may endanger the health of the public. Thus, it is ess ential that the company abides by this law. Together with the initiatives it is taking as regards environmental issues, and the following of the CIRCLA rules the company can become an environment-friendly company. 4 Utilitarianism provides that morality is a means to an end but is not an end in itself. No action is deemed to be intrinsically right or wrong by this theory. The rightness of an action, as per this theory depends upon the good that results from such action. Now analyzing the actions of PharmaCARE towards the indigenous communities of Colberia with respect to the theory of utilitarianism theory, we may say that its actions are not ethical. The reason being that the actions are not generating good for the greatest number of people, the company executives who are fewer in number the enjoying the luxuries of life and the Colberian workers are unable to procure the basic requirements of life. Deontological theory of ethics emphasizes that duty should be performed for the sake of performing it and not by concentrating on the consequence. The action of PharmaCARE when analyzed against the concept of deontological theory of ethics, we may deduce that its actions are not ethical. It is the duty of the company to take care that the human rights of the workers are not violated by its policies. But in this case, the company is not abiding by its duty of ensuring the human rights of the workers. Virtue ethics is concerned more with the person rather than the actions or consequences. Virtue ethics requires an individual to act in such a manner as a virtuous person would do in similar circumstances. The actions of the company when viewed with respect to the virtue ethics we may say that the said actions are not ethical. The actions of the company are not at all the actions of virtues. It is not virtuous to not pay proper wages to workers or not provide them with proper working conditions. Ethics Of Care is regarded to be one of the types of virtue ethics. This type of ethics lays emphasis on the significance of response. Individuals have dependence and interdependence on each other. Thus, when one is dependent upon the choices made the other, the latter must consider the interest of the former while making decisions. Attentiveness, competence, responsibility and responsiveness are the characteristics of this category of ethics. Now analyzing the actions of PharmaCARE in the light of ethics of care, we may say that its actions are not at all ethical. The Cloberian workers are a vulnerable group and are dependent upon the decisions taken by the company in this regard. The company must have taken into consideration their interests while making decisions. However, the company is exploiting them. Thus, their actions are not ethical as regards the ethics of care. My Ethical Viewpoint does not as well support the actions of the PharmaCARE with respect to the Cloberian workers. It is not ethical from any respect to violate the human rights of individuals and to undermine their interests and well-being. They do not pay them the proper wages or provide them with proper working conditions or accommodations. All these actions are not at all ethical. 5 I would analyze the actions taken by PharmaCARE with Mansato Company, which is an agricultural biotechnological and Agro Chemical Corporation based in the United States. This company is one of the most unethical companies in the world. The company is into the business of manufacturing genetically modified foods. In fact, it leads the world production of genetically modified foods. The company sues such farmers who intend to grow food ethically and organically. Even though Monsanto does not win the legal battle, it makes sure that the small farmers become bankrupt as a consequence of bearing the litigation expenses. The company is also the manufacturer of herbicide, called, Roundup which is a weed killer. Research has revealed that the said weed killer is harmful to both the environment and the human beings. In fact, studies show that this weed killer has the potential to cause the death of an unborn child as well. The World Health Organization has revealed that the glyphosate conta ined in Roundup may cause cancer in human beings. Now, comparing the activities of the two companies, i.e., Monsanto Co. and PharmaCARE, we may say that both companies are acting unethically. However, the degree is varying. In case of Monsanto, the degree is higher. They are directly causing harm to human health and not abiding by the environmental laws. Human life is at stake. However, PharmaCARE is primarily violating the human rights of the Colberian workers and is not abiding by the rules and regulations of CERCLA. Though these are pretty much, unethical practices yet are far less grave as compared to the actions of Monsanto Co. Monsanto is also not allowing other farmers to grow organic food and thus is violating their human rights as well as fundamental rights. PharmaCARE may become an ethical company by making few changes in its policy, but the same is not true for Monsanto Co. The only similarity between the actions of both the companies is that they are acting unethically and are violating human rights. Their actions are unethical as regards all the theories of ethics.

The Quest Essays - Social Psychology, Identity,

The Quest The Quest Introduction Adolescence is a period of life in which critical psychological and physiological changes occur. It is also the time when identity, ?a unified sense of self characterized by attitudes, beliefs, and ways of acting that are genuinely one's own ?(Insel, 1994), forms. The theory of Eric Erikson describes the psychological development of identity as a developmental stage in which ?individuals are faced with finding out who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.?(Santrock, 1997) During this stage, adolescents are trying to find an answer to the question ?Who am I and making important life choices, such as career, intimate commitments, or morality. The identity formation period is very critical and it will affect the individual throughout the adulthood. ?If adolescent arrives at a positive path to follow in life, then a positive identity will be achieved; but if a positive future path is not defined, then identity confusion reigns.? (Santrock, 1997) Methods I interviewed a 13 year old girl from a well educated family. The interview was done in the privacy of her house in her own room and took about 40 minutes. During the interview, the teen was asked to answer a list of questions and encouraged to use as much details as possible. Each answer was carefully recorded and evaluated. The questions I asked her targeted fundamental self aspects that build the feeling of identity. The interview examined the following aspects: role experimentation, self certainty, peer relationships, family relationships, sexual orientation, career, and leadership. Results The girl I interviewed had a strong sense of uniqueness-she wants to be different and expresses herself colorfully. I found that appearance is very important, such as adoption of different fashions and ?in? hair styles. Girls are very conscious of how they look. While admitting that appearance is crucial, the teen made a point that ?maintaining a sense of confidence and self-esteem is important for your future.? Also, I was informed that it is substantial to ?try everything and put your butt here and there.? It appears that teenagers think they should experiment with smoking, drinking, sexual activity, and other ?adult's stuff.? In addition, the significance of the ?successful? role model, a father in this case, was emphasized. Furthermore, the teen stressed that she considers herself a ?very sociable individual who likes to mix with different groups.? She also feels that she is ?the woman of the 90s? and plans to depend on herself. She also claimed to possess some leadership qualiti es in her nature, which will become ?more and more evident as she will mature.? I also found that it is ?crucial? to have a sense of direction in one's own life. Together with that, she indicated that she feels that the involvement in the intimate relationship, ?having a boyfriend?, means ?a big deal? to her. She added that it is important to have ?someone to talk to and do stuff with.? Discussion Adolescents are obsessed with their looks and they are expected to do that because it is through these symbols, wearing the right clothes and having cool sunglasses, that their identities are formed. Adolescents are expected to view self-esteem as crucial; after all, it plays a big role in their quest for identity. As teenagers begin their quests for identity, they experiment with different roles, various social postures, and self-images (this is what Erikson would call a search for identity). Teens often feel that appearing mature will bring recognition and acceptance, so they begin to engage in behavior associated with adults, such as smoking, drinking, and sexual activity. Experimenting with different roles is expected in Erikson stage and having a role model is not uncommon. During the early adolescence, a role model is usually one of the parents. ( Insel, 1994) Teens often are very social at this stage and that is expected because socialization contributes a lot to a teen's sear ch for identity. Some teens have already developed a strong sense of self-worth and it is not uncommon, although it is not necessarily expected for them to develop a sense of self worth at such a young age. Today, the percentage of teens who engage in sexual activities is increasing every year together with the

Henrietta Lacks Journal Entry Essays

Henrietta Lacks Journal Entry Essays Henrietta Lacks Journal Entry Essay Henrietta Lacks Journal Entry Essay Throughout Henrietta treatment there is confusion on whether or not she was discriminated against for being a Negro. Slots dialogue and text implies that she received the same treatment and Johns Hopkins hospital as she would as a white woman, although the time period suggests differently. The advancements of modern medicine are substantial since Henrietta underwent her cervical cancer treatment and even since Slots book was published, but even if the advancements in technology and sciences were present would they adhere to Lacks case since she as an African American woman? Henrietta individuality suggests she was a loving mother as well as a strong devoted individual. She had a special connection with children in general not Just her own. Henrietta strong personality is shown by her actions up until her death in 1951. The repetitious bleak doctors notes stand out to me throughout the first section of the book. The doctor seems to be removed from the disease and Just hoping for the best and not scientifically searching for the best options for Henrietta Lacks. This rapid progression was all new and the doctors were t a loss of what treatments or medical paths should be taken. In Chapter 8 entitled A Miserable Specimen, he writes comments towards the end of Henrietta treatment such as, Demeter does not seem to touch the pain. Morphine is tried, but this does not work either (Peg. 66). Other notes include, In view of rapid extension of the disease process the outlook is quite poor (Peg. 65) and, She continues to complain of lower abdomen pain, no evidence. Return in one month (peg. 63). By this point, the doctors have given up and Just let Henrietta wallow in her misery until death. Prior to reaching the ultimatum that Henrietta was in fact was going to die; the doctors were still removed from the situation. This was evident in the initial doctors notes that hinted there was nothing wrong with this woman because there were no visible signs that Henrietta was in fact ill and had cancer. Was this because she was colored and was overlooked or was the medical field not advanced enough to find precancerous signs? This questions remains. Yes, medicine was slowly advancing but at this time doctors often relied on only the visible signs of illness before treatment loud be done or even examinations were undergone. By this stage in not only cancer but many illnesses, the patient has passed the point of no return and the disease will infect the entire body and the small treatments such as radiation that Henrietta would undergo were only temporary fixes and only helped the patient for a short time period. The last chapters in Section 1: Life, are depressing and make the reader feel for Henrietta as an individual but also for her family. The Lacks family prior to her treatments had no idea what the family as a whole would embark on. This initial trip to John Hopkins forever changed what was the present Lacks family and later generations of the Lacks. The death of a family member in and of itself is a trauma, and this does not to even include the immortal Heal cells Lacks was to watch them play during her final time at Hopkins is vivid and shows the determinedness Henrietta had but also the love of a mother for her children. This image as well as the emotionless notes of the doctor set the tone for the struggle the Lacks set sail on. The generations of the Lacks family were hitting the high seas because of the sample of cells taken and examined at John Hopkins.

Biography of Yuri Gagarin, First Man in Space

Biography of Yuri Gagarin, First Man in Space Yuri Gagarin (March 9, 1934–March 27, 1968) made history on April 12, 1961, when he became both the first person in the world to enter space and the first person to orbit the Earth. Although he never again went to space, his achievement was one of the most significant events of the space race which eventually saw men land on the moon. Fast Facts: Yuri Gagarin Known For: First human being in space and first in Earth orbitBorn: March 9, 1934 in Klushino, USSRParents: Alexey Ivanovich Gagarin, Anna Timofeyevna GagarinaDied: March 27, 1968 in Kirsach, USSREducation: Orenburg Aviation School, where he learned to fly Soviet MiGsAwards and Honors: Order of Lenin, Hero of the Soviet Union, Pilot Cosmonaut of the Soviet Union; monuments were raised and streets named for him across the Soviet UnionSpouse: Valentina GagarinaChildren: Yelena (born 1959), Galina (born 1961)Notable Quote: To be the first to enter the cosmos, to engage single-handed in an unprecedented duel with nature- could anyone dream of anything greater than that? Early Life born in Klushino, a small village west of Moscow in Russia (then known as the Soviet Union). Yuri was the third of four children and spent his childhood on a collective farm where his father, Alexey Ivanovich Gagarin, worked as a carpenter and bricklayer and his mother, Anna Timofeyevna Gagarina, worked as a milkmaid. In 1941, Yuri Gagarin was just 7 years old when the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union. Life was difficult during the war and the Gagarins were kicked out of their home. The Nazis also sent Yuris two sisters to Germany to work as forced laborers. Gagarin Learns to Fly In school, Yuri Gagarin loved both mathematics and physics. He continued on to a trade school, where he learned to be a metalworker and then went on to an industrial school. It was at the industrial school in Saratov that he joined a flying club. Gagarin learned quickly and was obviously at ease in a plane. He made his first solo flight in 1955. Since Gagarin had discovered a love of flying, he joined the Soviet Air Force. Gagarins skills led him to the Orenburg Aviation School, where he learned to fly MiGs. On the same day he graduated from Orenburg with top honors in November 1957, Yuri Gagarin married his sweetheart, Valentina (Valy) Ivanovna Goryacheva. The couple eventually had two daughters together. After graduating, Gagarin was sent on some missions. However, while Gagarin enjoyed being a fighter pilot, what he really wanted to do was to go to space. Since he had been following the Soviet Unions progress in space flight, he was confident that soon his country would send a man into space. He wanted to be that man, so he volunteered to be a cosmonaut. Gagarin Applies to Be a Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was just one of 3,000 applicants to be the first Soviet cosmonaut. Out of this large pool of applicants, 20 were chosen in 1960 to be the Soviet Unions first cosmonauts; Gagarin was one of the 20. During the extensive physical and psychological testing required of the chosen cosmonaut trainees, Gagarin excelled at the tests while maintaining a calm demeanor as well as his sense of humor. Later, Gagarin would be chosen to be the first man into space because of these skills. (It also helped that he was short in stature since Vostok 1s capsule was small.) Cosmonaut trainee Gherman Titov was chosen to be the backup in case Gagarin was unable to make the first space flight. Launch of Vostok 1 On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin boarded Vostok 1 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Although he was fully trained for the mission, no one knew if it was going to be a success or a failure. Gagarin was to be the very first human being in space, truly going where no man had gone before. Minutes before the launch, Gagarin gave a speech, which included: You must realize that it is hard to express my feeling now that the test for which we have been training long and passionately is at hand. I dont have to tell you what I felt when it was suggested that I should make this flight, the first in history. Was it joy? No, it was something more than that. Pride? No, it was not just pride. I felt great happiness. To be the first to enter the cosmos, to engage single handed in an unprecedented duel with nature- could anyone dream of anything greater than that? But immediately after that I thought of the tremendous responsibility I bore: to be the first to do what generations of people had dreamed of; to be the first to pave the way into space for mankind. * Vostok 1, with Yuri Gagarin inside, launched on schedule at 9:07 a.m. Moscow Time. Just after lift-off, Gagarin reputedly called out, Poyekhali! (Off we go!) Gagarin was rocketed into space using an automated system. Gagarin did not control the spacecraft during his mission; however, in case of an emergency, he could have opened an envelope left on board for the override code. He was not given the controls because many scientists were worried about the psychological effects of being in space (i.e. they were worried he would go mad). After entering space, Gagarin completed a single orbit around Earth. The Vostok 1s top speed reached 28,260 kph (about 17,600 mph). At the end of the orbit, Vostok 1 reentered the Earths atmosphere. When Vostok 1 was still about 7 km (4.35 miles) from the ground, Gagarin ejected (as planned) from the spacecraft and used a parachute to land safely. From launch (at 9:07 a.m.) to Vostok 1 touching down on the ground (10:55 a.m.) was 108 minutes, a number often used to describe this mission. Gagarin landed safely with his parachute about 10 minutes after Vostok 1 came down. The calculation of 108 minutes is used because the fact that Gagarin ejected from the spacecraft and parachuted to the ground was kept secret for many years. (The Soviets did this to get around a technicality about how flights were officially recognized at the time.) Right before Gagarin landed (near the village of Uzmoriye, near the Volga River), a local farmer and her daughter spotted Gagarin floating down with his parachute. Once on the ground, Gagarin, dressed in an orange spacesuit and wearing a large white helmet, terrified the two women. It took Gagarin a few minutes to convince them that he too was Russian and to direct him to the nearest phone. Death After his successful first flight into space, Gagarin never again was sent into space. Instead, he helped train future cosmonauts. On March 27, 1968, Gagarin was test-piloting a MiG-15 fighter jet when the plane plummeted to the ground, killing Gagarin instantly at the age of 34. For decades, people speculated about how Gagarin, an experienced pilot, could safely fly to space and back but die during a routine flight. Some thought he was drunk. Others believed that Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev wanted Gagarin dead because he was jealous of the cosmonauts fame. However, in June 2013, fellow cosmonaut, Alexey Leonov (the first man to  conduct a spacewalk), revealed that the accident was caused by a Sukhoi fighter jet that had been flying too low. Traveling at supersonic speed, the jet flew perilously close to Gagarins MiG, likely overturning the MiG with its backwash and sending Gagarins jet into a deep spiral. Legacy Nearly as soon as Gagarins feet touched the ground back on Earth, he became an international hero. His accomplishment was known around the globe. He had accomplished what no other human being had ever done before. Yuri Gagarins successful flight into space paved the way for all future space exploration. Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Yuri Gagarin.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica.Biography.com, AE Networks Television. â€Å"Yuri Gagarin.†

Building Cost Estimation and Calculation of Construction Profit Essay

Building Cost Estimation and Calculation of Construction Profit - Essay Example Item rate contracts Sources of profit specific to item rate contracts: 1. Profit as a percentage of each executed item from tender. Contractors try to reduce low-margin items and increase high-margin items. 2. Profit from sub-contractors. 3. Profit from administrative reimbursable expenses borne by client. 4. Profit from delays caused due to client, or design changes. Cost plus fee or Cost plus percentage contracts Sources of profit in cost plus fee contracts: 1. Profit as a percentage of expenditure. Higher the project cost, higher the profit. 2. Profit from efficient material purchase. Material is bought low and contractor's fee is calculated as a percentage of a higher material cost. Profit from material and from administrative charges. Not possible if material bought by client. Labour contracts 1. Profit from labour. 2. Profit from administration, site office and other reimbursable expenses. Design-Build Contracts. Sources of profit in Design-build contracts: 1. Profit on design services. 2. Ability to maximise profit through influencing the design process. 3. Reduction in costs through better coordination and streamlining of execution. 4. Control of costs through easy and efficient tracking of changes and adaptability to change. PFI (Private Finance Initiative) or BOT (Build Operate Transfer) contracts: The only way for contractors executing such projects it to maximise revenue by operating the project for a specified period of time that is deemed to be sufficient for the contractor to recoup expenses and a reasonable profit. Such contracts are given for large public projects like roads or power plants. In conclusion, a contractor has two avenues of maximizing profit from a project; direct and indirect methods. Direct methods are...Material is bought low and contractor's fee is calculated as a percentage of a higher material cost. Profit from material and from administrative charges. Not possible if material bought by client. The only way for contractors executing such projects it to maximise revenue by operating the project for a specified period of time that is deemed to be sufficient for the contractor to recoup expenses and a reasonable profit. Such contracts are given for large public projects like roads or power plants. In conclusion, a contractor has two avenues of maximizing profit from a project; direct and indirect methods. Direct methods are those that are built into the contract, and indirect are those profits that accrue due to an efficient and well managed project team.

Household changes, I.E Lifecycle changes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Household changes, I.E Lifecycle changes - Essay Example The Life-Cycle Model of Consumption and Saving tells us that younger people have a tendency borrow money so they can spend it on education and housing ( Browning and Crossley, 2001). Young people spend their money on buying things while they are young professionals. As for young people, their tendency is to go overboard in their purchases which make them work harder to pay off credit card debts. Because of this young people incur debts through credit card. If this is a common behavior for most people, then old people have few money left for them at that time they badly need it : for hospitalization and burial. By the time this young people reach middle age, debts have already piled up since they are burdened with their child’s education and house mortgage. As they approach old age or retirement, the savings ( if there are any) are slowly used since they get sickly and have medical bills. Over-all, a person’s savings in a lifetime is really small unless you are used to s aving money as a