Comparative Analysis on Kikuyu

Similar Analysis on Kikuyu Similar Analysis on Kikuyu inside the SPE and Post-SPE Framework Research paper for Foundations of Phonology Course Presentation This paper targets watching the informational collection of Kikuyu language. Two systems are thought about, for example the Sound Pattern of English (from this time forward; SPE), and Post SPE (Autosegmental Phonology). Inside the conversation, approaches structure different speculations will likewise be featured; be that as it may, the primary concern tended to in this paper is to assess the informational collection of Kikuyu based on phonological hypotheses inside the two systems included. In light of SPE hypothesis, the lexical passages should comprise of adequate data for the phonological guidelines so as to recognize its phonetic structures for every specific situation. At the end of the day, each lexical passage is entered as a lot of phonological unmistakable highlights. Moreover, the fundamental portrayal (UR) is considered as a theoretical portrayal in contrast with a surface portrayal (SR). Along the paper, we will talk about the two structures together with highlight documentations and afterward we will investigate the informational index segmentally to get the principles administering the language of Kikuyu. In the following area, we will endeavor to investigate the inconstancy of the planned articulary contraption with the soul of the Post-SPE system driven by various inquiries in the advancement of the informational collection examination of concerning the structure inquestion. During the investigation, we won't consider some fundamental prerequisites, for example, No Crossing Constraint and Linking Constraint so as to be steady with the well-formedness state of Post-SPE structure. Besides, we will likewise approach the alleged geometry of phonetic portrayals joined by adequate guides to make sense of any conceivable arrangement. One of the focal issues tended to inside this paper is the examination on the moving of nasal + consonant as for the given informational collection. We will attempt to look at two hypotheses being referred to and see how those speculations could represent the adjustments in the informational collection. At a later stage, we will see which hypothesis throws better examination of the given information than different does. A few writings will be considered particularly those from the course reading of Phonological Theory: The Essential Readings by Goldsmith, J. for example, The Sound Pattern of English by Chomsky, N. furthermore, Halle, M., among others, just as important sources which may give us more data about the language of Kikuyu. Presently, let us experience the examination from the principal structure, for example the SPE system. The SPE Framework The SPE structure is accepted to be the premise of Generative Phonology since hypotheses inside this system were impacted by the perspectives from generative semantics. Chomsky and Halle (in Goldsmith, 1999 : 17-19) expresses that a speakers information on his language comprises of knowing the lexical things of the language and each lexical section must contain indicated highlights, which decide the phonetic type of the thing in all unique situations, for example the things phonological highlights. Besides, such phonological highlights are classificatory gadgets, they are double, similar to all other classificatory highlights in the dictionary, for the common method of showing whether a thing has a place with a specific classification is by methods for twofold highlights. There will be two degrees of portrayals that will be talked about in the SPE structure; basic portrayal (for example lexical or morphophonemic arrangement) and the surface structure (for example phonetic yield structure). Given the creators target augmenting the effortlessness of the sentence structure, it follows that hidden portrayals ought to be as unique as could be expected under the circumstances and stay away from repetitive, or non-particular, highlights. Limited fundamental portrayals are in fact a necessity to guarantee the sweeping statement of the general semantic framework. Inside this system, we will break down the informational collection on the language of Kikuyu in the soul of morphological investigation, review on any conceivable rotation inside the dataset, just as distinguishing the basic portrayal (UR) from the given informational index. Following this investigation, we will attempt to watch potential guidelines with highlight documentation of the provided information so as to get a summed up rule requesting inside the informational collection. For this examination, we additionally allude to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) outline, particularly for the consonants diagram and their highlights. Let us attempt to dissect the informational index from the morphological investigation with the given informational index underneath. The informational collection of Kikuyu is given beneath in table 1: Basic - 1 sg.Imperfect- - English Meaning Ãÿura - mbureet?- - 'trim off' Ãÿaara - mbaareet?- - 'take a gander at' t?ma - nd?meet?- - 'cut' toma - ndomeet?- - 'send' reha - ndeheet?- - 'pay' ru?a - ndu?eet?- - 'cook' cina - ineet?- - 'consume' koma - ?gomeet?- - 'rest' kera - ?gereet?- - 'cross' ?ora - ?goreet?- - 'purchase' ?aja - ?gajeet?- - 'isolate' From table 1, we can see that there are two structures to watch, the one being Imperative and the other being the 1-sg-Imperfect from informational collection of Kikuyu language, which is trailed by its importance in English. The table shows that for each given word, a few letters stay unaltered, which is composed in Bold inside the word. The greater part of them appear to have a Vowel and Consonant request (VC) and a long vowel one (for example VVC, for example, in Ãÿaara. Besides, we can likewise find in the Imperative section in which all words are constantly finished with a, set apart after a slice sign (- ). In this manner, the words in the primary solitary Imperfect segment are constantly finished with an eet?, which is likewise isolated by a slice (- ). A total informational index examination is given in table 2 beneath. Table 2 Basic - 1 sg. Flawed - English Translation Ãÿur - a - - mbur - eet?- - - 'cut off' Ãÿaar-a - - mbaar-eet?- - - 'take a gander at' t?m - a - - nd?m - eet?- - - 'cut' tom - a - - ndom - eet?- - - 'send' reh - a - - ndeh - eet?- - - 'pay' ru? - a - - ndu? - eet?- - - 'cook' cin - a - - in - eet?- - - 'consume' kom - a - - ?gom - eet?- - - 'rest' ker - a - - ?ger - eet?- - - 'cross' ?or then again - a - - ?gor - eet?- - - 'purchase' ?aj - a - - ?gaj - eet?- - - 'isolate' From table 2, we can see that the unaltered letters, which are Bold composed above, are the stems or could be a piece of the stems of the word in hidden portrayal. Besides, we can likewise observe postfixes, which show the Imperativeness or the given words that are motioned as the last letter an at the last situation of the word. From the normality of the last letters eet?, we can say that the given words must be named additions demonstrating the 1 sg. Blemished type of Kikuyu language. We will examine the fundamental types of the morphemes consistency in a different conversation in a later part. Presently let us see the structure of the nasal sound which happens before the stems. It is possible that a shift is characterized as a morpheme, which has two diverse sound shapes, which can be broke down by a phonological procedure. From the informational collection of Kikuyu, the a few variations can be seen as demonstrated in the accompanying table (see table 3). The variations can be distinguished effectively in that Ãÿ becomes b; t/r becomes d; c becomes ?; k/? becomes g. Those shifts can be seen as the variations in the language of Kikuyu whose phonological procedure will be investigated in rules. Table 3 Basic - 1 sg. Defective In a.b.ãÿ - - mb In c.d.t - - nd In e.f.r - - nd In g.c - - In h. I. k - - ?g In j. k. ?- - - ?g Moreover, we can likewise observe that a nasal consonant is embedded before the changed consonant, for example m; n; ? what's more, ?, which proposes that the morphological procedure obliges the phonological procedure. Such inclusion shows us significant focuses for the informational index in the language of Kikuyu. We will talk about such wonder in more noteworthy worry in later part. Be that as it may, there is one comment about this marvel in the addition of nasal consonant in the 1 sg. Flawed gatherings could be examined as certain prefixes inserted which may communicate the strained of an action word. At whatever point the shift is built in a contrary manner, for example b becomes Ãÿ in informational index, this lead to a badly framed development. Such a case is likewise falsifiable from information h. what's more, j. in which ?g would become k and ? individually following the case. Consequently, we will consider the arrangement of shift as from Imperative to 1 sg. Flawed. The reanalysis of the stems of the two structures is delineated in table 4 beneath. Both prefixes (nasals) and additions ( an and eet?) are disposed of in table 4 with the goal that we can get the stem of every action word. Table 4. Basic - 1 sg. Flawed - English Meaning Ãÿur - - pod - - 'hack off' Ãÿaar - - baar - - 'take a gander at' t?m - - d?m - - 'cut' tom - - dom - - 'send' reh - - deh - - 'pay' ruc - - du?- - - 'cook'